Movie Reflection Paper Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reflection Paper - Movie Review Example This is depicted compellingly through the change we see from Vales reluctant music exercises in old style piano (which is demonstrated to be an ability of his late wifes), to taking in the African drum from Tarek, something which he appears to have a skill for. It gets to the heart of the matter that Vale joins a drummers hover and without precedent for years starts to reconnect with his general surroundings. Things get ugly when Tarek is captured and tossed into a detainment place for unlawful foreigners. As Vale enlists a legal counselor to help Tarek, he begins to explore a world he had never expected to experience, or even really thought about to. Tareks mother shows up in the image out of the blue, searching for her child and soon a fellowship of calm family life and genuine love blooms between the two. What is apparent in the soul of the film, and one that applies to the assorted variety issue in present talk is the restriction among organization and humanism. Laws and sculptures are cold, and applied with no type of empathy or request about the human it is being implemented upon. By bringing to us an image from the other perspective, of the inferior whose voice is mysteriously absent, we find that it is difficult to deliberately ignore the framework, which on account of migration laws, particularly, is obtuse and undeterred, a depravity of goals that case to serve humankind, and maintain the estimation of life before every other person. Which is obviously where the discussion with respect to the decent variety issue comes in. Does race, shading, ethnicity or levelheadedness choose which life is to be esteemed and which isn't? Who merits the assistance of the framework and who ought to be dismissed? The assorted variety issue isn't something that can simply be translated as an ethical quality exercise in a film-it exists today in the public arena, in what can be named first world nations,

Torture in Guantanamo Bay free essay sample

Torment in Guantanamo Bay Mohamed al-Kahtani was a detainee at Guantanamo Bay who persevered through various nauseating and genuinely astonishing demonstrations of torment. Being enticed by whores and female officials, advised to act like a canine and compelled to creep on all fours while yelping, and compelled to pee himself are only a couple of instances of the kind of life prisoner’s at Guantanamo Bay are living. They are held in isolation, while the entire day and night their lights in the rooms are kept on. Every day prisoner’s are tormented. Regardless of whether it is psychical or passionate torment, it is happening all round the camp. Prisoner’s being secured and compelled to tune in to amazingly uproarious exciting music for and broadened timeframe is one of the strategies used to stall an individual inwardly, to ensure they are totally helpful and heavily influenced by the officials. We will compose a custom paper test on Torment in Guantanamo Bay or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page With the entirety of this going on, with various reports of maltreatment from the Red Cross, the United States Government keeps on argueing against the way that it is happening. Their steady cases of no maltreatment are frightfully like The Party in George Orwell’s epic 1984. They tell the open a certain something, and they all accept that it is valid beyond a shadow of a doubt. The utilization of twofold think, as it is called, isn't the main thing reliable with the novel In the Guantanamo Bay confinement place, torment and mental fighting are utilized to separate the desire of prisoner’s to put them under unlimited authority of the officials of the camp, which is fundamentally the same as the torment depicted in the novel 1984. In an assessment of Guantanamo Bay, the Red Cross discovered numerous indications of misuse and torment alongside mental mischief done to the prisoner’s. The authorities utilized various kinds of torment, which are all incredibly perilous just as compelling. On the off chance that a prisoner is uncooperative, they free their standard opportunities. They are prevented use from securing the latrines, and are compelled to pee and poo themselves. One prisoner came clean with the authorities about him not being at a gathering with Osama canister Laden, and in light of the fact that his answer was inadmissible, he had to pee himself. Detainees are likewise shackled to the floor during cross examinations and meetings so they can't represent a danger. There are additionally various occurrences revealed including beatings of the prisoners. They are beaten on the off chance that they don't coordinate or if their answers are not what the authorities need to hear. In light of the beatings, numerous prisoners admit to violations they didn't participate in. The ones who collaborate are given much more extravagance than the individuals who don't. The prisoners who are either new or uncooperative wear orange jumpsuits, while the other people who do coordinate or given white cotton dress. The beatings became less incessant, and turned out to be predominantly a danger, a frightfulness to which he could be sent back at any second when his answers were unacceptable. His examiners presently were not hoodlums in dark regalia but rather Party savvy people, minimal stout men with snappy developments and blazing scenes, who chipped away at him in transfers over periods which endured †he figured, he was unable to be certain †ten or twelve hours at a stretch. These different examiners made sure that he was in steady slight agony, however it was not mainly torment that they depended on. They smacked his face, wrung his ears, pulled his hair, made him remain on one leg, rejected him leave to pee, shone glaring lights in his face until his eyes ran with water; however the point of this was essentially to mortify him and decimate his capacity of belligerence and thinking. Their genuine weapon was the cruel scrutinizing that continued endlessly, unendingly, entangling him, laying snares for him, curving everything that he stated, indicting him at each progression of falsehoods and self-logical inconsistency until he started sobbing as much from disgrace as from apprehensive weakness. (Page 264, Part 3, Chapter 2). †We have beaten you, Winston. We have split you up. You have seen what your body resembles. Your psyche is in a similar state. I don't think there can be a lot of pride left in you. You have been kicked and whipped and offended, you have shouted with torment, you have moved on the floor in your own blood and regurgitation. You show whimpered for benevole nce, you have deceived everyone and everything. Would you be able to think about a solitary debasement that has not transpired? †(Part 3, Chapter 3). Much the same as in the novel, the official’s beat and torment the prisoner’s until they just totally surrender, and admit to whatever they are advised to. Winston is tormented until he can't take any longer, and admit to acts he had no clue even occurred. â€Å"Never again will you be equipped for common human inclination. Everything will be dead within you. Never again will you be fit for adoration, or companionship, or delight of living, or giggling, or interest, or fortitude, or uprightness. You will be empty. We will crush you vacant and than we will fill you with ourselves. A significant piece of the way toward separating one’s will is assaulting their psychological state. Mental fighting has a tremendous impact in the torment being done at Guantanamo. The lights are kept on the entire day and night, befuddling the prisoners. This can befuddle them and permits them to free track of time without any problem. They are additionally lashed down, and compelled to tune in to noisy awesome music while the lights gleam. Obnoxious attack is additionally utilized, prisoners are told they are useless, hounds have progressively societal position then them, and their religions are assaulted so as to shake them. Authorities forestall revolts and packs by checking them, just as not permitting them to talk in gatherings of more than three. Much the same as the purpose behind the beatings, the utilization of this kind of torment is to separate the prisoners will. When they are intellectually and mystically mishandled, they must choose the option to acknowledge whatever they are being told. The utilization of this sort of torment is destroying to the psychical and emotional well-being of the individuals in the camp. The explanation the maltreatment has had the option to proceed is a direct result of the secrecy utilized, and we currently know about the maltreatment in light of meetings and assessments. The main individuals who know about the genuine chilling subtleties are the leader of the cove, and the individuals who work for him. Legal advisors who drop by and converse with the prisoner’s are compelled. They can't rehash or allude to anything they see occurring at Guantanamo, and in light of that nobody recognizes what really happens. To exacerbate the situation, the U. S. Government guarantees that there is no maltreatment being held at the middle. At whatever point another gossip jumps up, they rush to get out and kill it. Discussing what goes on happens however. The main time it does is when individual associated with the narrows are there. In the novel, Orwell says, â€Å"If the Party could push its hand into the past and state either even, it never happened-that, without a doubt, was more alarming than unimportant torment and death†-(page 32, book 1, section 3). That statement shows that it is so frightening to realize that the legislature can say something never occurred, and the open thinking all that they state. This protection and force are what permits the U. S. , just as The Party, to proceed with what they manage without having the option to be halted. Much the same as in the novel, just the Inner Party individuals know about the genuine subtleties of Room 101, just as the services. The main explanation we are aware of what goes on at Guantanamo is a direct result of assessments, and generally meets with discharged prisoners from the camp. Most prisoners don't talk about what occurred, however fortunately a couple have. One such individual is Mohamed al-Kahtani. He has detailed that whores have been gotten to entice Muslims, just as female officials. He talked about the authorities acquiring a pooch to show how dutiful and steadfast it is. They revealed to him that he should resemble the canine, and made him bark to slither around so he can â€Å"raise his social status†. Another accommodating individual was Shafiq Rasul, who after three month’s at Guatanamo was accused of the 9/11 arranging. They blamed him for meeting with Osama receptacle Laden because of the reality a man remaining behind container Laden took after him. Subsequent to coming clean with them that it was not he, the torment started. Following quite a while of misuse, he at long last surrendered and erroneously confessed to being at the gathering. We are aware of this in view of the prisoners revealing to us direct understanding. The main explanation we are aware of what goes on in Room 101 is a direct result of Winston letting us know. In the event that it wasn’t for the prisoners and Winston, we would not know without a doubt what happens in Room 101 and Guatanamo Bay. Albeit one is a novel and the other is a military camp, the two of them contain very risky attributes. Guantanamo Bay is essentially the genuine Oceania for individuals under doubt of psychological warfare. The utilization of torment, mental assaults, and separating a prisoner’s will are for the most part like the novel. Indeed, even the little subtleties of not being permitted to pee and keeping the lights on throughout the day are equivalent to the novel. Torture, however the mystery of the entire activity is actually equivalent to 1984. Keeping it inside the Bay is equivalent to the Party keeping it inside the Party. The prisoner’s of both Oceania and Guantanamo never realize to what extent they will be kept, or what will transpire. The utilization of torment is sickening and especially insensitive. In any case, all things being equal, it is one of the best approaches to get somebody to talk. In both Oceania and Guantanamo Bay, torment is utilized to separate one’s will all together for complete compliance.

School Project Management Made Simple (Example) - Focus

School Project Management Made Simple (Example) - Focus It’s a cold and wet January day and I am sitting in my workshop with an iPad and my trusty Moleskine notebook. On my list of todo’s today is to figure out how to get a teddy bear into space with a sandwich box and a balloon. The ‘launch date’ seems so far off. I plan on launching in mid-June with a mixed class of 30 students from St Martins and St Faiths school in North Lincolnshire. This school project has come about from a series of meetings and previous training sessions. Staff at the school are keen on developing a project that will (pardon the pun) be out of this world… Hence the volunteering of a teddy bear, and the use of a sandwich box. The biggest challenge for the school has been to try and organise the event, get suitable resources, and hold meetings to plan the event in detail. The biggest challenge for me is to make sure we can get old ted into space and back again without drowning, blowing up, or losing the poor guy to space. Organising this kind of school project is tricky. There are a number of external agencies to contact and keep in the loop, as well as sponsors and publicity to generate interest in the community. I have come in on this project at the start, and already I have several email chains to deal with which are taking time to search through and respond to. Cue MeisterTask. Setting up a project in MeisterTask is the first thing to tick off. My iPad is within reach. My laptop is somewhere in the workshop under a layer of dust or otherwise obscured by electronics, balloons, and tools. In creating the project I can quickly customise the layout, columns, and collaborators. By selecting the email addresses from the last email chain and copying into the Invite People feature, I have invited all contributors to my school project in a few taps of the screen…simple! We previously had a bulleted list in a document of potential ‘things to do’. By selecting these and pasting them into a new task I have quickly generated a list of tasks within the project. Now everyone can see what is needed to be ticked off. An added benefit within MeisterTask is the ability to assign tasks to people. No more conversations clarifying who needs to do what and why! Because the school is near to an operational RAF base, we need to ask permission to fly. There is some obvious paperwork that needs completing beforehand, several forms and agreements…copying these into MeisterTask is simple. Most of these documents are attachments, but some are shared through Google Drive and Dropbox. With Dropbox and Drive integrations, attaching documents to a task is again just a matter of a few taps of the screen. Within a few minutes of setting the project up, we are already having conversations and working through the tasks. New tasks and associations are easy to set up, notifying everyone as the tasks change, progress or are completed. With any project like this, which require cross-departmental working and contacting external contractors, a central communication system is vital. By having all relevant team members connected with a MeisterTask project board, everyone is kept in the loop. Team communication doesn’t need to be spread across numerous email threads, pigeon holes, text messages and post-it notes. All information, documents and queries can be shared directly on the relevant tasks. With a project management tool that’s available on laptop, desktop, web-browser or mobile, your team members can be located on-site or remotely. They can also choose to receive notifications as they like. Perhaps a pop-up on their phones or an email breakdown of the day’s events. Staff members can work how they work best and are free to interact how they see fit. Team members are guided by the system and don’t need to be at their classroom desktop. This communication method helps to reduce the huge volume of emails school leaders  deal with on a daily basis. If we just focus on emails relating to project management â€" the emails notifying changes, asking for ideas or for approval â€" the emails still take time to process. Not long for each one, granted, but the sum total of the minutes is significant. By simply moving this type of email into a school project management tool, you will be surprised by how much time is freed up. In one primary school I worked in, we managed to save over 4 hours a week by simply changing attitudes to email use in school. One 30-minute session on using email led to 4 hours saved per team member. For a team of 7, this meant 28 hours a week or about 1000 staff hours per year. Big numbers, by just working a few little things out. Summary Using MeisterTask as a school project management tool for events like ted’s big trip just makes the whole process a great deal clearer and simpler. It allows all staff to be notified of changes and updates instantly Communication is simplified, and can be accessed via one platform, from anywhere Everyone can see what the priorities are, as and when deadlines change The Space Exploration Challenge is a complex project with multiple moving parts, deadlines, and paperwork. It requires several conversations with many people and companies involved. Using MeisterTask to plan this type of school activity allows teachers to concentrate on learning opportunities and the students involved. It also leaves me to spend more time designing an awesome Space Challenge! Streamline project management in your school Try MeisterTask Its free! Try MeisterTask School Project Management Made Simple (Example) - Focus It’s a cold and wet January day and I am sitting in my workshop with an iPad and my trusty Moleskine notebook. On my list of todo’s today is to figure out how to get a teddy bear into space with a sandwich box and a balloon. The ‘launch date’ seems so far off. I plan on launching in mid-June with a mixed class of 30 students from St Martins and St Faiths school in North Lincolnshire. This school project has come about from a series of meetings and previous training sessions. Staff at the school are keen on developing a project that will (pardon the pun) be out of this world… Hence the volunteering of a teddy bear, and the use of a sandwich box. The biggest challenge for the school has been to try and organise the event, get suitable resources, and hold meetings to plan the event in detail. The biggest challenge for me is to make sure we can get old ted into space and back again without drowning, blowing up, or losing the poor guy to space. Organising this kind of school project is tricky. There are a number of external agencies to contact and keep in the loop, as well as sponsors and publicity to generate interest in the community. I have come in on this project at the start, and already I have several email chains to deal with which are taking time to search through and respond to. Cue MeisterTask. Setting up a project in MeisterTask is the first thing to tick off. My iPad is within reach. My laptop is somewhere in the workshop under a layer of dust or otherwise obscured by electronics, balloons, and tools. In creating the project I can quickly customise the layout, columns, and collaborators. By selecting the email addresses from the last email chain and copying into the Invite People feature, I have invited all contributors to my school project in a few taps of the screen…simple! We previously had a bulleted list in a document of potential ‘things to do’. By selecting these and pasting them into a new task I have quickly generated a list of tasks within the project. Now everyone can see what is needed to be ticked off. An added benefit within MeisterTask is the ability to assign tasks to people. No more conversations clarifying who needs to do what and why! Because the school is near to an operational RAF base, we need to ask permission to fly. There is some obvious paperwork that needs completing beforehand, several forms and agreements…copying these into MeisterTask is simple. Most of these documents are attachments, but some are shared through Google Drive and Dropbox. With Dropbox and Drive integrations, attaching documents to a task is again just a matter of a few taps of the screen. Within a few minutes of setting the project up, we are already having conversations and working through the tasks. New tasks and associations are easy to set up, notifying everyone as the tasks change, progress or are completed. With any project like this, which require cross-departmental working and contacting external contractors, a central communication system is vital. By having all relevant team members connected with a MeisterTask project board, everyone is kept in the loop. Team communication doesn’t need to be spread across numerous email threads, pigeon holes, text messages and post-it notes. All information, documents and queries can be shared directly on the relevant tasks. With a project management tool that’s available on laptop, desktop, web-browser or mobile, your team members can be located on-site or remotely. They can also choose to receive notifications as they like. Perhaps a pop-up on their phones or an email breakdown of the day’s events. Staff members can work how they work best and are free to interact how they see fit. Team members are guided by the system and don’t need to be at their classroom desktop. This communication method helps to reduce the huge volume of emails school leaders  deal with on a daily basis. If we just focus on emails relating to project management â€" the emails notifying changes, asking for ideas or for approval â€" the emails still take time to process. Not long for each one, granted, but the sum total of the minutes is significant. By simply moving this type of email into a school project management tool, you will be surprised by how much time is freed up. In one primary school I worked in, we managed to save over 4 hours a week by simply changing attitudes to email use in school. One 30-minute session on using email led to 4 hours saved per team member. For a team of 7, this meant 28 hours a week or about 1000 staff hours per year. Big numbers, by just working a few little things out. Summary Using MeisterTask as a school project management tool for events like ted’s big trip just makes the whole process a great deal clearer and simpler. It allows all staff to be notified of changes and updates instantly Communication is simplified, and can be accessed via one platform, from anywhere Everyone can see what the priorities are, as and when deadlines change The Space Exploration Challenge is a complex project with multiple moving parts, deadlines, and paperwork. It requires several conversations with many people and companies involved. Using MeisterTask to plan this type of school activity allows teachers to concentrate on learning opportunities and the students involved. It also leaves me to spend more time designing an awesome Space Challenge! Streamline project management in your school Try MeisterTask Its free! Try MeisterTask

An Analysis of Satans Final Speech in Milton’s Paradise...

An Analysis of Satans Final Speech in Milton’s Paradise Lost Satans final speech to Eve, 11. 679-732, Book IX, in Miltons Paradise Lost, is a persuasive masterpiece carefully structured to appeal to her ambitious tendencies and to expand her already existing doubts (which Satan has implanted) as to the perfect nature of God. Satan begins by worshipping the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil, as Eve will do after she has made her choice. Throughout the remainder of the speech, he attempts to present the tree as an alternative focus of her faith. Satan endeavours to weaken Eves admiration and fear of God, and to reinforce her faith in herself, or the potential of what she could be if she had the courage to eat of the fruit. Satans†¦show more content†¦This is characteristic of much of his dialogue. He selectively intersperses truth with falsehood to achieve what appears to be a wholly genuine argument. However, although Satans claim that Eve will not physically die is accurate, this does not necessarily entail that God has deceived her. Some aspect of her will die when she eats of the fruit, including her innocence and closeness to God. In effect, the essence of what Eve is will perish. Satan manipulates Gods words and chooses to interpret them literally when they were intended as a figurative warning. Satans assurance that the fruit gives you life to knowledge (11. 686-87) is also correct. Eating of the tree will give Eve a new life, marked by an increased enlightenment. However, he neglects to mention that this new life will occasion a death to her previously untroubled existence. With knowledge comes a great burden. God is referred to as the Threatener (1.687), rather than by His proper title. This label diminishes Him enormously. It implies that God does not follow through on his threats or promises. He scolds, nags, and dominates Adam and Eve without justification, and uses fear to keep them in their place. Eve has presumably never come across any derogatory references to her Creator before she comes into contact with Satan. As a result, his words affect her deeply. Satan is opening up an entire line of thinking that Eve has never considered. He is sowing within her seeds of doubt inShow MoreRelated A Comparison of God and Satan in Paradise Lost Essay1571 Words   |  7 PagesComparison of God and Satan in Paradise Lost      Ã‚   In this essay I shall be focusing on the characters of G-d and Satan from Paradise Lost by John Milton.   Within the essay I shall be attempting to elucidate on the themes of ambiguity of the two characters as well as the uncertainty of moral integrity of each, characterized by Johns Miltons use of sentence structure, private thoughts and symbolism.    Foremost I would like to look at the way the way in which Milton characterizes theRead MoreFall from Grace: Satan as a Spiritually Corrupt Hero in Miltons Paradise Lost2859 Words   |  12 PagesFall From Grace: Satan as a Spiritually Corrupt Hero in Miltons Paradise Lost Can Satan -- a being, so evil that even as an Ethereal being of Heaven, who was cast out of Gods grace - be a hero? John Miltons Satan in Paradise Lost is very much a romanticized character within the epic poem, and there has been much debate since the poems publishing in 1667 over Miltons sentiments and whether Satan is the protagonist or a hero. As an angel in God the Fathers Heaven, Satan rose up with a group

Popular Business Analysis PEST and SWOT Analysis - 555 Words

Strategy Evaluation – Situation Analysis Before moving on, it is necessary to under the current situation of company. There are various analytic ways can be used for evaluate company position and others external environmental factors analysis. With the use of 2 types of popular analysis – PEST and SWOT analysis, it could help comprehensively and effectively evaluate the strength and weakness, opportunities and other environmental factor like political, economic, social and technology issue. PEST Analysis - A tool for evaluating business and external factor as well as measuring the trends and changes in the market. In analyzing the present environment of the company, there are totally 4 factors we should need to consider with. 1. Political factors Government tax policy, environmental regulation, labour law and foreign trade restriction may greatly impact the company strategy and company goal setup. It is believed that customers will increase spending power that are willing to spend more due to the change of tax allowance or decrease of the tax rate. Conversely, instability in overseas markets and trade restriction may result in market size and accessibility, i.e. how many customers would actually go online to visit or buy any product from website. Apart from these, due to the introduction of the mandatory labour benefits legislation and the minimum wages and standard working hours, the operation cost would also be greatly increased. 2. 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Analysis of market performance by firms using its principles has called its usefulness into question, and it has been removed from some major marketing textbooks

US and California Compared Free Essays

The United States Census is taken every ten years in order for the U. S. government to count exactly how many people live in the country to the best of its abilities. We will write a custom essay sample on US and California Compared or any similar topic only for you Order Now Aside from taking the population, the census asks many other questions, such as the age of the persons living in a given household, their race and ethnicity, the languages that are spoken at home, their educational attainment level, and household income. These questions, when answered by the entire population, provide the government a sense of the composition and the needs of its people. Without this information, public services such as education, hospitals, health care, and social security cannot be provided to all in need and therefore it is important data that deserves our careful examination. For my term paper, I have decided to compare the data of the state of California to the United States of America to discover how similar or different the sets of data may be. I would predict some of these data to be similar, such as age distribution, due to the fact that California is a relatively large state with a large enough population that it would serve as a pretty good sample of the entire nation. However, I would expect to see differences in factors such as race and ethnicity and the languages spoken at home, because California has a relatively larger Hispanic and Asian population than most other states in the US. Also, the income level of California will be slightly higher than the nation due to the existence of two large metropolitan cities in the state. The paper takes a careful look at the various socio-demographic variables that are taken by the United States Census in order to compare the state of California to the nation as a whole. The first obvious step in my analysis is to look at both populations counted by the 1990 United States census. The population of the United States is estimated to be 248,709,873 and California is estimated to be 29,760,021. This data is important to this paper because when making comparisons between the two geographic locations, I will use percentages taken from the actual data given in the census divided by the total populations. This way, the comparisons are scaled in relation to one another and it is easier to analyze and to make comparisons. The first demographic variable that I will examine is the age distribution between the two areas. The age distribution given by the population age pyramid (Graph 1) show that both are quite similar, with a pyramid-like shape starting from age 25 to 80+, with the large base of the pyramid beginning at age 25. From age 0 to 24, there is an overall tapering in from the base of the pyramid above as the ages decrease, indicating a fewer number of people aged 0 through 24. It means that the largest number of persons in both regions is between the ages of 25 and 34 in 1990. This implies that there were a larger number of births in the 1950s and 1960s than in the 1970s and 1980s. This phenomenon can be explained by the fact that the baby-boom children had reached reproductive stage in their lives and gave birth to many babies in the 50s and 60s. There is also relatively fewer people aged 45 to 80+. The upper narrow upper region of the graph, ages 65 and up, can be explained by the fact that the life expectancy in the United States is around 70 years old and it is natural to see a tapering off of the population at these ages. However, the age group from 45 to 64 is also quite narrow. This is most likely due to the fact that these are the people who fought in World War II. Looking at the graph, the only noticeable difference between the two regions is that California has a relatively fewer number of people aged 10 through 19. This could be due to many economic, social, and physical factors in the 1970s that affected California births, but not the entire nation. I would predict that since children of the baby-boomers (ages 25 to 34) have now reached reproductive stage, the census 2000 would show that the base of the graph would continue to grow a little bit wider, from babies being born in the 1990s. The second demographic variable I will focus on is the racial composition of California and the United States. Graph 2 shows the percentages of the total population, which fall under the five racial categories: 1. White 2. Black 3. American Indian, Eskimo, or Aleut 4. Asian or Pacific Islander and 5. Other. It is important to note that people of Hispanic origin are mainly categorized as either White or Other, depending on how each individual has chosen to categorize him or herself. The category, Other, also include people who are mixed, such as Mulatto, Creole, and Mestizo. The breakdown of the races are pretty similar, as can be seen by the graph with Whites being the overwhelming majority of the total population for both regions. However, it may be interesting to note that the origins of the people who make up the White category for the two regions may be quite different. For the United States, the composition of the people who make up the White category are mostly of European origin. The origin of people who make up the White category for California also include many people of European origin, but also many of Hispanic origin. This is due to the fact that California shares the border with Mexico and therefore would have a larger Mexican or Latino population. Also due to the large Mexican and Latino population, the Other category for California is almost 10% larger than for the United States. The lower Black population in California can be attributed to the fact that the majority of Blacks in this country are concentrated in the southern states of the US, such as Alabama, raising the composition for the nation, but not for California. Lastly, the Asian and Pacific Islander category is almost 8% higher in California because many Asians tend to be concentrated on the west coast of the US. The third socio-demographic variable I will examine is language spoken at home. The first thing to note on Graph 3 is that English is spoken in the majority of homes both in California and the United States. The population speaking languages other than English at home is higher in California due to the racial composition examined above. The higher Asian/Pacific Islander and Latino concentration has raised this California percentage to twice that of the US. Of these â€Å"other† languages, the existence of Spanish spoken in homes is more than 10 percent higher in California than in the rest of the nation. Subsequently, the English at home contingent will be smaller in percentage comparison for California. This type of data is extremely important to the government because it raises issues such as the appropriateness of ESL programs, bilingual education, and public services that must be provided to the public in many languages. Comparing two different regions such as California and the US may seem useless due to the similar data, but it is differences such as these that make the census crucial data that deserve our careful analysis. Educational Attainment is another variable I will analyze between the two regions. Graph 4 reveals that in the US, highschool graduates (including equivalency) make up the highest percentage of education attained. This is not surprising because formal education in the US is required for all children until the age of 14 through 18, depending on the state, and therefore it is expected that most children would finish high school. In California, people attending some college without obtaining a degree make up the highest percentage. This implies that California†s students have a tendency to pursue their education further than the national student. The higher percentage of Californian†s attending some college can be attributed to the proliferation of junior colleges in the state. The concern for California should lie in the fact that a higher percentage of children do not progress beyond the ninth grade than in the nation. This may be attributed to the large Spanish speaking population who are cushioned in schools by bilingual teachers during their elementary and secondary schooling years but are left to themselves in non-bilingual high schools to survive on their own and as a result, drop out. Finally, the comparison of household income between California and the US shows that income levels for both regions are concentrated under $60,000 per year (Graph 5). In analyzing these data, I have taken the income data from the census and divided that figure with the total number of households, not the population, so that a direct comparison between the income of each households would be possible. In general, Californians have higher income than the US as a whole. The 1990 Census shows that the median household income of California is $35,798. This figure is higher than the national median household income of $30,056. The data on the graph shows that the higher percentage of Californians earn incomes higher than $30,000. The higher income in California can be attributed to the two metropolitan areas of Los Angeles and San Francisco as mentioned earlier and additionally, to the recent boom of the computer and internet industry in Silicon Valley, which has increased the number of Californians earning higher wages. The different variables examined in this paper have revealed several demographic trends between California and the US as a whole. While the two regions share similar demographic profiles, several differences arise upon closer analysis of the data. Generally, California has a higher concentration of racial minorities. Thus, more families speak languages other than English at home. The data also shows that a higher percentage of Californians pursue degrees in higher education than the national percentage. Since college graduatess and advanced degree holders tend to earn higher wages, the data for household income is consistent with the previous observation as more Californians are in the higher income bracket. It can then be concluded that California is more racially diverse than most other states, and that Californians tend to do better economically than the rest of the nation. This type of analysis would not have been possible without the United States Census, which I believe is an important tool that allows researchers to do their own analysis with the hard data that it provides. The different conclusions I have drawn from this paper clearly indicate a need for different public programs that are specifically designed for each individual state because the United States is not made up of a homogeneous group of people, but is composed of an exremely diverse group of individuals. How to cite US and California Compared, Papers

When Quality Control Gets in the Way of Quality free essay sample

Total Quality Management (TQM) is a comprehensive and structured approach to organizational management that seeks to improve the quality of products and services through ongoing refinements in response to continuous feedback. TQM requirements may be defined separately for a particular organization or may be in adherence to established standards, such as the International Organization for Standardizations ISO 9000 series. TQM can be applied to any type of organization; it originated in the manufacturing sector and has since been adapted for use in almost every type of organization imaginable, including schools, highway maintenance, hotel management, and churches. As a current focus of e-business, TQM is based on quality management from the customers point of view. Four sequential categories TQM processes are divided into four sequential categories: plan, do, check, and act (the PDCA cycle). In the planning phase, people define the problem to be addressed, collect relevant data, and ascertain the problems root cause; †¢in the doing phase, people develop and implement a solution, and decide upon a measurement to gauge its effectiveness; †¢in the checking phase, people confirm the results through before-and-after data comparison; †¢in the acting phase, people document their results, inform others about process changes, and make recommendations for the problem to be addressed in the next PD CA cycle. We will write a custom essay sample on When Quality Control Gets in the Way of Quality or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page THE TOPIC MEANS: When there is an over-emphasis or over-doing in the process of quality control, it will narrow the path towards quality of the product or service concerned. Statistical control Many organizations use statistical process control to bring the organization to Six Sigma levels of quality, in other words, so that the likelihood of an unexpected failure is confined to six standard deviations on the normal distribution. This probability is less than four one-millionths. Items controlled often include clerical tasks such as order-entry as well as conventional manufacturing tasks. Traditional statistical process controls in manufacturing operations usually proceed by randomly sampling and testing a fraction of the output. Variances of critical tolerances are continuously tracked, and manufacturing processes are corrected before bad parts can be produced. Company quality During the 1980s, the concept of â€Å"company quality† with the focus on management and people came to the fore. It was realised that, if all departments approached quality with an open mind, success was possible if the management led the quality improvement process. The company-wide quality approach places an emphasis on three aspects :- 1. Elements such as controls, job management, adequate processes, performance and integrity criteria and identification of records 2. Competence such as knowledge, skills, experience, qualifications 3. Soft elements, such as personnel integrity, confidence, organisational culture, motivation, team spirit and quality relationships. The quality of the outputs is at risk if any of these three aspects are deficient in any way. The approach to quality management given here is therefore not limited to the manufacturing theatre only but can be applied to any business activity: †¢Design work †¢Administrative services †¢Consulting †¢Banking †¢Insurance †¢Computer software †¢Retailing †¢Transportation It comprises a quality improvement process, which is generic in the sense it can be applied to any of these activities and it establishes a behaviour pattern, which supports the achievement of quality. This in turn is supported by quality management practices which can include a number of business systems and which are usually specific to the activities of the business unit concerned. In manufacturing and construction activities, these business practices can be equated to the models for quality assurance defined by the International Standards contained in the ISO 9000 series and the specified Specifications for quality systems. Still, in the system of Company Quality, the work being carried out was shop floor inspection which did not control the major quality problems. This led to quality assurance or total quality control, which has come into being recently. Total quality control Total Quality Control is the most necessary inspection control of all in cases where, despite statistical quality control techniques or quality improvements implemented, sales decrease. The major problem which leads to a decrease in sales was that the specifications did not include the most important factor, â€Å"What the customer required†. The major characteristics, ignored during the search to improve manufacture and overall business performance were: †¢Reliability Maintainability †¢Safety As the most important factor had been ignored, a few refinements had to be introduced: 1. Marketing had to carry out their work properly and define the customer’s specifications. 2. Specifications had to be defined to conform to these requirements. 3. Conformance to specifications i. e. drawings, standards and other relevant documents, were introduced during manufacturing, planning and control. 4. Management had to confirm all operators are equal to the work imposed on them and holidays, celebrations and disputes did not affect any of the quality levels. . Inspections and tests were carried out, and all components and materials, bought in or otherwise, conformed to the specifications, and the measuring equipment was accurate, this is the responsibility of the QA/QC department. 6. Any complaints received from the customers were satisfactorily dealt with in a timely manner. 7. Feedback from the user/customer is used to review designs. 8. Consistent data recording and assessment and documentation integrity. 9. Product and/or process change management and notification. If the original specification does not reflect the correct quality requirements, quality cannot be inspected or manufactured into the product. For instance, all parameters for a pressure vessel should include not only the material and dimensions but operating, environmental, safety, reliability and maintainability requirements. To conclude, the above forms the basis from which the philosophy of Quality Assurance has evolved, and the achievement of quality or the â€Å"fitness-for-purpose† is â€Å"Quality Awareness† throughout the company. †¢ QUALITY CONTROL CHARTS In all production processes, we need to monitor the extent to which our products meet specifications. In the most general terms, there are two enemies of product quality: (1) deviations from target specifications, and (2) excessive variability around target specifications. During the earlier stages of developing the production process, designed experiments are often used to optimize these two quality characteristics; the methods provided in Quality Control are on-line or in-process quality control procedures to monitor an on-going production process. General Approach The general approach to on-line quality control is straightforward: We simply extract samples of a certain size from the ongoing production process. We then produce line charts of the variability in those samples, and consider their closeness to target specifications. If a trend emerges in those lines, or if samples fall outside pre-specified limits, then we declare the process to be out of control and take action to find the cause of the problem. These types of charts are sometimes also referred to as Shewhart control charts (named after W. A. Shewhart who is generally credited as being the first to introduce these methods). Interpreting the chart: The most standard display actually contains two charts (and two histograms); one is called an X-bar chart, the other is called an R chart. In both line charts, the horizontal axis represents the different samples; the vertical axis for the X-bar chart represents the means for the characteristic of interest; the vertical axis for the R chart represents the ranges. For example, suppose we wanted to control the diameter of piston rings that we are producing. The center line in the X-bar chart would represent the desired standard size (e. g. diameter in millimeters) of the rings, while the center line in the R chart would represent the acceptable (within-specification) range of the rings within samples; thus, this latter chart is a chart of the variability of the process (the larger the variability, the larger the range). In addition to the center line, a typical chart includes two additional horizontal lines to represent the upper and lower control limits (UCL, L CL, respectively); we will return to those lines shortly. Typically, the individual points in the chart, representing the samples, are connected by a line. If this line moves outside the upper or lower control limits or exhibits systematic patterns across consecutive samples, then a quality problem may potentially exist. Establishing Control Limits Even though one could arbitrarily determine when to declare a process out of control (that is, outside the UCL-LCL range), it is common practice to apply statistical principles to do so. Elementary Concepts discusses the concept of the sampling distribution, and the characteristics of the normal distribution. The method for constructing the upper and lower control limits is a straightforward application of the principles described there. The general principle for establishing control limits applies to all control charts. After deciding on the characteristic we want to control, for example, the standard deviation, we estimate the expected variability of the respective characteristic in samples of the size we are about to take. Those estimates are then used to establish the control limits on the chart. COMMON TYPES OF CHARTS The types of charts are often classified according to the type of quality characteristic that they are supposed to monitor: there are quality control charts for variables and control charts for attributes. Specifically, the following charts are commonly constructed for controlling variables: †¢X-bar chart. In this chart the sample means are plotted in order to control the mean value of a variable (e. g. , size of piston rings, strength of materials, etc. ). †¢R chart. In this chart, the sample ranges are plotted in order to control the variability of a variable. †¢S chart. In this chart, the sample standard deviations are plotted in order to control the variability of a variable. †¢S**2 chart. In this chart, the sample variances are plotted in order to control the variability of a variable. For controlling quality characteristics that represent attributes of the product, the following charts are commonly constructed: †¢C chart. In this chart (see example below), we plot the number of defectives (per batch, per day, per machine, per 100 feet of pipe, etc. ). This chart assumes that defects of the quality attribute are rare, and the control limits in this chart are computed based on the Poisson distribution (distribution of rare events). †¢U chart. In this chart we plot the rate of defectives, that is, the number of defectives divided by the number of units inspected (the n; e. . , feet of pipe, number of batches). Unlike the C chart, this chart does not require a constant number of units, and it can be used, for example, when the batches (samples) are of different sizes. †¢Np chart. In this chart, we plot the number of defectives (per batch, per day, per machine) as in the C chart. However, the control limits in this chart are not based on the distribution of rare events, but rather on the binomial distribution. Therefore, this chart should be used if the occurrence of defectives is not rare (e. g. , they occur in more than 5% of the units inspected). For example, we may use this chart to control the number of units produced with minor flaws. †¢P chart. In this chart, we plot the percent of defectives (per batch, per day, per machine, etc. ) as in the U chart. However, the control limits in this chart are not based on the distribution of rare events but rather on the binomial distribution (of proportions). Therefore, this chart is most applicable to situations where the occurrence of defectives is not rare (e. g. , we expect the percent of defectives to be more than 5% of the total number of units produced). All of these charts can be adapted for short production runs (short run charts), and for multiple process streams. Out-Of-Control Process: Runs Tests As mentioned earlier in the introduction, when a sample point (e. g. , mean in an X-bar chart) falls outside the control lines, one has reason to believe that the process may no longer be in control. In addition, one should look for systematic patterns of points (e. g. , means) across samples, because such patterns may indicate that the process average has shifted. These tests are also sometimes referred to as ATT runs rules or tests for special causes. The term special or assignable causes as opposed to chance or common causes was used by Shewhart to distinguish between a process that is in control, with variation due to random (chance) causes only, from a process that is out of control, with variation that is due to some non-chance or special (assignable) factors. As the sigma control limits discussed earlier, the runs rules are based on statistical reasoning. For example, the probability of any sample mean in an X-bar control chart falling above the center line is equal to 0. 5, provided that: (1) the process is in control (i. e. that the center line value is equal to the population mean), (2) consecutive sample means are independent (i. e. , not auto-correlated), and (3) the distribution of means follows the normal distribution. Simply stated, under those conditions there is a 50-50 chance that a mean will fall above or below the center line. Thus, the probability that two consecutive means will fall above the center line is equ al to 0. 5 times 0. 5 = 0. 25. Accordingly, the probability that 9 consecutive samples (or a run of 9 samples) will fall on the same side of the center line is equal to 0. 5**9 = . 0195. Note that this is approximately the probability with which a sample mean can be expected to fall outside the 3- times sigma limits (given the normal distribution, and a process in control). Therefore, one could look for 9 consecutive sample means on the same side of the center line as another indication of an out-of-control condition. Refer to Duncan (1974) for details concerning the statistical interpretation of the other (more complex) tests. Zone A, B, C. Customarily, to define the runs tests, the area above and below the chart center line is divided into three zones. By default, Zone A is defined as the area between 2 and 3 times sigma above and below the center line; Zone B is defined as the area between 1 and 2 times sigma, and Zone C is defined as the area between the center line and 1 times sigma. Process Capability Indices For variable control charts, it is often desired to include so-called process capability indices in the summary graph. In short, process capability indices express (as a ratio) the proportion of parts or items produced by the current process that fall within user-specified limits (e. g. , engineering tolerances). For example, the so-called Cp index is computed as: Cp = (USL-LSL)/(6*sigma) where sigma is the estimated process standard deviation, and USL and LSL are the upper and lower specification (engineering) limits, respectively. If the distribution of the respective quality characteristic or variable (e. g. , size of piston rings) is normal, and the process is perfectly centered (i. e. , the mean is equal to the design center), then this index can be interpreted as the proportion of the range of the standard normal curve (the process width) that falls within the engineering specification limits. If the process is not centered, an adjusted index Cpk is used instead. For a capable process, the Cp index should be greater than 1, that is, the specification limits would be larger than 6 times the sigma limits, so that over 99% of all items or parts produced could be expected to fall inside the acceptable engineering specifications. For a detailed discussion of this and other indices, refer to Process Analysis. In recognition of these efforts, the company has received a number of excellence awards for its management practices and quality standards. In 1998, Hino Motors Ltd. , and Toyota Tsusho Corporation obtained majority shareholding in the company after disinvestments by the other two founding sponsors. This decision to invest in Hinopak at a time when the countrys economy was passing through a depression and the sale of commercial vehicles was at an all time low reflects the confidence our Principals have in our company and their commitment to the Pakistani market. It is the enduring success of Hinopak that has made the Hino name and symbol of quality reliability and Hino vehicles a prize possession for its owners. By continuing to move forward and staying alert to ever-changing market social needs, Hinopak will continue to be a successful and well-respected corporate citizen of Pakistan. MISSION The mission of Hinopak Motors Limited is to provide the society with safe, economical, comfortable and environment friendly means of transportation by manufacturing and supplying commercial vehicles and services. To achieve this mission, we commit ourselves: To our individual institutional and international customers: to deliver high quality, safe, durable, reliable, comfortable, environment–friendly and economical products and services to their total satisfaction. To our employees: to foster corporate culture of mutual trust; respect for fundamental human rights at work; opportunities for professional growth and personal welfare so that they are proud of being a member of the â€Å"Hinopak Family†. †¢To the community and our nation: to contribute in economic and social development by providing means of transportation and by progressive localization of the vehicles. To the shareholders: to act in compliance with the norms expected of a subsidiary of the Toyota Group of companies and make a meaningful financial return to the shareholders. VISION â€Å"Total Customer Satisfaction, a set vision for the company. In pursuit new concepts have been introduced such as a mobile workshops, 3S/2S dealership facilities, training and free service camps for the vehicle owners and drivers†. Corporate Features Building on seventeen years of success, the Hinopak continues to play a leading role in marketing commercial vehicles with superior a nd advanced Japanese technology. Market Leader in Pakistan, holding over 65% of the truck and bus market share. First Pakistani automobile company and Hino affiliate to receive ISO-9001 certificate. Voluntary initiative for ISO 14001 certification. First company to export buses from Pakistan. Recipient of Quality Excellence Awards. First automotive company to introduce 3S concept in heavy-duty commercial vehicles market. First company to supply busses under Urban Transport Scheme in Pakistan. Recipient of Employers Federation of Pakistans Golden Jubilee Award for Human Resource and Industrial Relations. Recipient of Corporate Excellence Award from Management Association of Pakistan. Recipient of Employers Federation of Pakistans Golden Jubilee Award for Excellence in Productivity. Hinopak; Committed to Excellence Hinopak Motors Limited assembles, manufactures and markets world renowned Hino diesel trucks and buses in Pakistan. The Company has held the top position in the domestic market for medium and heavy-duty vehicles for 15 consecutive years and is highly acclaimed for quality and technological excellence. Backed by Hino’s expertise Hinopak has achieved standard of quality and excellence that rival the best in the region. With over 33,000 vehicles on road, Hino has gained 70% market share making it the largest manufacturer in medium and heavy-duty truck and bus industry in Pakistan. Hinopak’s product range has been designed and built in Hino’s traditions of automotive excellence to be the leader in its category and the main emphasis has been given to passengers’ safety comfort. Latest News Hinopak introduces Modern, Elegant and Reliable Bus Lineup or Comfortable and Safe Journey Hinopak has recently introduced new, modern, elegant and reliable models of Hino Roadliner Supreme air-conditioned Super Luxury Bus, Hino Senator Pride air-conditioned luxury coach and Rapidliner Deluxe Coach. These models have been designed and built in Hinopak’s traditions of automotive excellence to be the leader in its category. These new models are produced in line with international standards for passengers’ safety comforts and can be matched with any foreign made bus while they are also highly competitive in terms of cost. To demonstrate these models to the transporters, Hinopak has held displays all over Pakistan those displays were attended by large number of transporters and bus operators who appreciated the new models. Sponsors Hino Motors Ltd. , Japan Founded in 1910, Hino Motors, Ltd. is Japans oldest motor vehicle manufacturer. Since introducing Japans first automobile in 1908, Hino has been developing and manufacturing superior vehicles that serve business and society. Over the years the range of Hino’s trucks and buses has made their mark in over 140 countries worldwide. Today Hino Motors is the leading manufacturer of medium and heavy-duty commercial vehicles in Japan and the 2nd largest in the world. In this age of high technology, globalization and advanced data communication, individual values are diversifying. Hino is dedicated to putting the customers first and maintaining high standards of quality. Toyota Tsusho Corporation (TTC) Established in 1948, Toyota Tsusho Corporation (TTC) is a trading company within the Toyota Group. TTC has an extensive network of representative offices all over the world and offers a vast variety of goods and services to its customers. As a leading player in the automotive business TTC provides additional support to Hinopak with its expert advice and knowledge of world markets. Backed by the strong network of Hino Motors, Limited Japan and the versatility of Toyota Tsusho Corporation (TTC) that provides us the competitive edge, we at Hinopak believe in giving our customer the very best and we pledge to continue for â€Å"Total Customer Satisfaction†. Export Market Hinopak is proud to be Pakistan’s first automobile company to export buses. After successfully establishing itself as the market leader at home, Hinopak proceeded to explore its product potential for the export market. This quest met with initial success when it made its first historic sale well over a decade ago, in 1990 Hinopak exported its first bulk order of buses to U. A. E. Follow up orders were soon placed, ensuring the satisfaction of customers at home and abroad. This entry into the export market was an important milestone for Hinopak and lead Pakistan into an exciting new era for the automotive industry, fulfilling Hinopak’s commitment towards the economic growth of Pakistan. PRODUCT LINE Buses The largest Manufacturer of Buses in Pakistan, Hinopak is fully-equipped to design and manufacture a wide range of Bus Chassis and all types of Bus Bodies. Hinopak’s Bus Line Up includes the Roadliner Supreme Luxury Bus for long journeys, Citiliner Intercity Buses, Citiliner Urban Buses and the luxury Senator Coach and Rapidliner Deluxe Coaches. Hinopak delivers only the safest most reliable products and remains the Pioneer in supplying the largest number of Urban Buses those are successfully facilitating the commuters of Punjab and Sindh. The new Bus line up is built upon reliable AK1J and RK1J (Rear engine bus) Series that offer straight and kick up frame options for intercity and intra-city usage. Both newly introduced series can be suitable for a wide variety of bus bodies. The kick up frame for inter-city operation offers more space for storage and luggage while the larger door s and low boarding height of the straight frame allow passengers greater comfort and convenience. Trucks The New Hino 500 Series is a dynamic combination of power, economy, style and safety. Vast improvements in engine technologies have allowed us to create Engines with more horse power while offering lower fuel consumption. These dynamic new vehicles featuring revolutionary technologies such as multi valves engine, new air intake system, turbocharger with intercooler, overhead cams, heavy duty clutch, synchronized transmission and power steering promise to change the face of transportation with new standards in comfort, luxury, safety and especially economy.

Use of Estar and Ser with Adjectives of Marital Status

Use of Estar and Ser with Adjectives of Marital Status If you are learning to speak Spanish, you may be wondering which word describing martial status is correct - soy casada or estoy casada? The quick answer is that theyre both correct! With adjectives of marital status - ones other than casado (married) include soltero (single), divorciado (divorced) and viudo (widowed), along with their feminine equivalents - estar and ser are more or less interchangeable. Difference Between Ser and Ester Although the differences between ser and estar are usually distinct, that just doesnt seem to be so with the adjectives of marital status, where youll often hear the two verbs used with little difference in meaning. In some areas, however, one or the other may be preferred, and estar probably has an edge in everyday speech, at least with casado. Even so, use of estar can suggest (but doesnt always) there has been a change in marital status. Thus, you might ask a new acquaintance  ¿es usted casado? if you see his marital status as part of his identity. But you might ask a friend you havent seen for a while  ¿ests casado? as a way of asking, Have you become married since I saw you last? or Are you still married? Similarities With Other Spanish Adjectives The same is true with very few adjectives, such as gordo (fat) and delgado (thin), that describe personal characteristics. Both es gordo and est gordo can be used to say he is fat, for example. The latter often suggests that there has been a change, while the former may suggest merely a description of the way a person is. So the choice of verb can suggest an attitude - estar may suggest a state of being at the moment, while ser may suggest an inherent characteristic. In fact, that is the safest way to make your verb choice, and estar must be used where indeed there has been a change. But in everyday descriptions, the distinction of meaning isnt always a sharply clear one.

Discover the Distant, Frozen Oort Cloud

Discover the Distant, Frozen Oort Cloud Where do comets come from? Theres a dark, cold region of the solar system where chunks of ice mixed with rock, called cometary nuclei, orbit the Sun. This region is called the Oà ¶rt Cloud, named after the man who suggested its existence, Jan Oà ¶rt. The Oà ¶rt Cloud From Earth While this cloud of cometary nuclei is not visible to the naked eye, planetary scientists have been studying it for years. The future comets it contains are made mostly of mixtures of frozen water, methane, ethane, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen cyanide, along with rock and dust grains. The Oà ¶rt Cloud by the Numbers The cloud of cometary bodies is widely dispersed through the outermost part of the solar system. Its very distant from us, with an inner boundary 10,000 times the Sun-Earth distance. At its outer edge, the cloud stretches into interplanetary space some 3.2 light-years. For comparison, the closest star to us is 4.2 light-years away, so the Oà ¶rt Cloud reaches almost that far.   Planetary scientists estimate the Oort Cloud has up to two trillion  icy objects orbiting the Sun, many of which make their way into solar orbit and become comets. There are two types of comets that come from the distant reaches of space, and it turns out they dont all come from the Oà ¶rt Cloud.   Comets and Their Origins Out There How do  Oà ¶rt Cloud objects become comets that go hurtling in orbit around the Sun? There are several ideas about that. Its possible that stars passing nearby, or tidal interactions within the disk of the  Milky Way, or interactions with gas and dust clouds give these icy bodies a kind of push out of their orbits in the Oà ¶rt Cloud. With their motions changed, theyre more likely to fall in toward the Sun on new orbits that take thousands of years for one trip around the Sun. These are called long-period comets. Other comets, called short-period comets, travel around the Sun in much shorter times, usually less than 200 years. They come from the Kuiper Belt, which is a roughly disk-shaped region that spans out from the orbit of Neptune. The Kuiper Belt has been in the news for the past couple of decades as astronomers discover new worlds within its boundaries. Dwarf planet  Pluto is a denizen of the Kuiper Belt, joined by Charon (its largest satellite), and the dwarf planets Eris, Haumea, Makemake, and Sedna. The Kuiper Belt extends from about 30 to 55 AU, and astronomers estimate it has hundreds of thousands of icy bodies larger than 62 miles across. It might also have about a trillion comets. (One AU, or astronomical unit, equals about 93 million miles.) Exploring the Parts of the Oà ¶rt Cloud The Oà ¶rt Cloud is divided into two parts. The first is the source of the long-period comets and may have trillions of cometary nuclei. The second is an inner cloud shaped roughly like a doughnut. It, too, is very rich in cometary nuclei and other dwarf-planet-sized objects. Astronomers also have found one small world that has a section of its orbit through the inner part of the Oà ¶rt Cloud. As they find more, they will be able to refine their ideas about where those objects originated back in the solar systems early history. The Oà ¶rt Cloud and Solar System History The Oà ¶rt Clouds cometary nuclei and Kuiper Belt objects (KBOs) are icy remnants from the formation of the solar system, which took place about 4.6 billion years ago. Since both icy and dusty materials were interspersed throughout the primordial cloud, its likely that the Oà ¶rt Clouds frozen planetesimals formed much closer to the Sun early in history. That occurred alongside the formation of the planets and asteroids. Eventually, solar radiation either destroyed the cometary bodies closest to the Sun or they were collected together to become part of planets and their moons. The rest of the materials were slingshotted away from the Sun, along with the young gas giant planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune) to the outer solar system to regions where other icy materials were orbiting. Its also very likely that some Oà ¶rt Cloud objects came from materials in a jointly shared pool of icy objects from protoplanetary disks. These disks formed around other stars that lay very close together in the Suns birth nebula. Once the Sun and its siblings formed, they drifted apart and dragged along the materials from other protoplanetary disks. They also became part of the  Oà ¶rt Cloud.   The outer regions of the distant outer solar system have not yet been deeply explored by spacecraft. The New Horizons  mission explored  Pluto in mid-2015, and there are plans to  study one other object beyond Pluto in 2019. Aside from those flybys, there are no other missions being built to pass through and study the Kuiper Belt and  Oà ¶rt Cloud. Oà ¶rt Clouds Everywhere! As astronomers study planets orbiting other stars, they are finding evidence of cometary bodies in those systems, too. These exoplanets form largely as our own system did, meaning that Oà ¶rt clouds could be an integral part of any planetary systems evolution and inventory.  At the very least, they tell scientists more about the formation and evolution of our own solar system.

Analyze Film Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analyze Film - Essay Example Controlling one of the busiest airspaces in the United States is a major reason that gives Nick a lot of pressure hence his stressful life. The job is very stressing as indicated by the 50% dropout of new recruits. The new recruits are unable to cope with this pressure and quit the job at its earliest stages. Later, Russell Bell joins the air controllers. Nick is challenged such that he is envious of the power and endurance portrayed by a new recruit (Pushing Tin). The entry of Russell into the airspace controlling job becomes a reason to pressure Nick since he always thought that he was the best in the crew. It is something that he can do away with by just swallowing his pride but since his inner character shows him otherwise, he ends up being very stressed by everything Russell does in life. Nick is jealous of the power to handle stressful tasks at the workplace that is portrayed by Russell. He perceives him as his competitor in everything in life. He always thought that he would be the toughest man to cope with compromising situations at the work place and at home, but someone appears into his life and proves to be even better. No matter how good somebody can be at their workplaces, there is always someone out there who is even better (Bickerstaff, 4). Nick is fed up by the strength and wit shown by Russell. He thinks of ways to hurt him and ends up liking his wife Mary. He competes with Russell in physical battles including racing cars, basketball shooting contests and worse still competing on a basis of who has the better marriage. Surprisingly, it is Nick who becomes stressed by these contests. He feels that he is losing every battle against Russell who seems not to be bothered by the contests at all. Nick takes everything that Russell does to be a contest and tries to be better than him but ends up being a loser in his view of things (Parker, 27). Nick tries in every way to make

Denim (Jeans) Market in the U.K Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Denim (Jeans) Market in the U.K - Essay Example Consumers can now find jeans at  £3 in many outlets including Tesco and Matalan. The supermarkets however, have shifted away from selling the discounted brands and concentrate on building their own labels. Prices in the mass market have fallen due to cheaper imports especially from China, and because other retail brands like Marks & Spencer, Next, and Burtons have reduced their prices. The premium brand jeans are struggling to justify their price tags against the own-label brands at  £20-40. Jeans in the UK market are trying to differentiate themselves with cult connotations, lifestyle images, and distinctive details (Mintel 2005). At the same time, below-cost pricing methods by the super markets and their increasing presence in the convenience store sector have prompted government intervention (BBC 2006). In the clothing industry and in the jeans industry in particular, several factors like innovation and new products have to be introduced frequently. Recently, when there was a shift from bootleg jeans to narrow skinny styles, sales went up remarkably high. This has caused the denim market to reach sales of $15.26 billion ( £8.79 billion) in 2005, an increase of 9.3 percent from the year before (FashionUnited 2006). .At the same time, research suggests that brands continue to play an important role for the purchase of jeans (Jeans1 2006). Standard clothing seems to the major market, with fashion wear taking only about 15% of all sales (Keynote n.d.). Standard women’s wear has the largest share and national players dominate these sectors while fashion clothing also have strong but regional chains. The growth in the recent years has been in the discount clothing market. Jeans are ageless and not outrageously youthful in design, which effectively means that men, women and children of all ages use it. Consumers expect low prices, and increasing incomes are the key to increased economic activity. According to Jones and Hayes

Texas Holdem Excellence Essay -- Personal Narrative Card Games Essays

Texas Holdem Excellence How do we define odds to ourselves? Are they things that happen because they are suppose to or are they things that were written and statistics made them happen. Odds and statistics play major roles in almost every event in life. They affect everything from who we marry and how long it lasts right down to what shoes we wear. These odds and statistics are very noticeable to everyone especially in a game of Texas hold'em poker. The game has some skills involved but the odds still apply to the type of cards a player is dealt in order to use his skills. This poker game is new and is played by many but only mastered by a few. I happen to look at myself as some one who has mastered the game. On Friday brad came up to me in school and asked if I was coming to the tournament tonight at his house. I responded "its Friday night what do you think I will be doing." He then said" Be there around 7 with the usual twenty dollar buy in." Walking around all day with a big grin on my face because in my head I was thinking that I have this thing wrapped up. I know there were going to be fifty or more people at his house for the tournament which was winner take all. The grin on my face was from me remembering the last three weeks in which I won the tournaments very easily. Later on in the day we were sitting in our English class talking some trash to each other. I said to Dan" are you guys prepared to go down again tonight for the fourth strait week." Dan responded " there is no way you can win again the odds are against you, so you better be prepared to take a beating tonight." I snapped back" Yes, they might be running out but the odds also state that I have a one in two hundred and fifty chance of winning which I ... ... and seventy five dollars," said Brad with an expression less face. "Call" I boldly stated knowing I was going to win, as the whole room fell silent as they all gasped for air. The river card was an three which did nothing. This was the big moment as we both turned our cards over. "The winner of the money was Justin Slesser" stated Brian while brad shook my had and retreated up stairs. The tournament started at seven and ended just before eight in the morning. There were many up's and downs in the tournament, but all in all I was very happy and was just glad to spend the evening with my poker buddies just like every Friday night. All my hard work and risk taking I beat the odds that my buddy Dan set against me the day before. This goes to show that odds play big roles in every thing but don’t be afraid to take a risk because someone says the odds are against you.

Using Budgets for Control

Budgets provide a means for planning the financial future and play a vital role for planning. Budgets simultaneously make managers construct and implement plans, contribute useful information for improved decision making, provide a standard to administer performance evaluation, and enhance organization and communication. An essential component of the budgeting system is control. Control periodically takes actual results and budgeted results and compares the two. It also allows for managers to frequently measure their performance from reports by providing performance evaluations.The master budget can be separated into operating and financial budgets, each made up of distinctly supporting schedules. Implementing budgets enables managers to create a formulated plan that allows for performance evaluation and improved control. Control involves the process of looking at the past, determining what really occurred and comparing it to previously projected results. Two processes which are sign ificant to adjusting the budget are the control cycle and the planning cycle.Both are linked through feedback and in their final stage, involve budgets. Participative budgeting gives subordinate managers the opportunity to contribute considerable proposals for establishing budgets. A key factor in implementing participative budgeting is that each manager should only be held responsible for costs they can completely control. Any costs that are outside of their control that are included on their budgets need to be marked as non-controllable, and separated from those costs that can be controlled.Participative Budgeting also enables the manager with the chance to structure slack into the budget as a way to increase the probability that the manager will achieve the proposed budget and therefore decrease the risk they may incur. This requires upper level management to carefully review budget proposals from subordinate management in order to decrease the amount of slack placed into the bud get. Performance evaluation is a vital element in rating the performance of management as well as maintaining control.When using budgets for performance evaluations it can result in feedback frequency of performance, monetary as well as nonmonetary incentives, participative budgeting, attainable standards, a variety of measures of performance and the possibility of controlling costs. By using frequent feedback on performance it gives managers a means to measure the success of their planning and enforce any corrective action. Monetary and nonmonetary incentives can aid in invoking a positive, goal congruent behavior in which goals at managerial and organizational levels agree.A simple example of performance evaluation could take place in a pizza restaurant that makes only pizzas. If the owner has an exact amount of toppings that he knows should be put on the pizzas and what that cost is, he can assess the amount of toppings being used. He might find that his workers are inadvertently topping some pizzas with more toppings than others. By encouraging his employees to top all pizzas with a consistent amount of toppings he can improve the consistency of the pizzas delivered to customers and increase savings on costs of toppings.If this same principle is practiced toward other aspects of the restaurant it could provide significant savings overall. Budgets contribute a valuable role in the success of a company. Implementing control and performance evaluations increases the effectiveness of the budget and provides guidelines for performance improvement in the business. Participative budgeting gives subordinate managers the ability to be involved and invokes a sense of responsibility while embracing creativity.However if not implemented correctly, the results can produce reduced control and padded budgets that can make it difficult to evaluate performance. Although budgets can contribute a valuable measure for managerial performance, they can still be manipulated by m anagers that are able to increase budgetary performance in the short-run yet cause significant damage to the business. Organizations need to utilize other qualified measures that take into consideration the financial or nonfinancial and short-run and long-run effects in order to avoid any threats of myopic behavior.

White People Have Been The Superior Race Essay - 1288 Words

White people have been the superior race since the very beginning of America. Throughout history white people have owned and ruled almost everything about American culture. Although white people are still the majority and have most of the wealth in America, there is one thing they do not own, the n-word. This one word has caused controversy and conflicts between races in society. The essay â€Å"Why Do They Get to Use the N-word But I Can’t† talks about the issue of who can say this word and why are only certain races and social groups allowed to say it. What is the problem with the n-word in the first place? This word has a racist history starting during the 17th century when it was used to insult slaves (Asim, 2007, as cited in McClure, 2015). The writer states that no matter what race, the word is a powerful symbol of the history of anti-black oppression in the United States. In the essay, the author explains that some people believe that the use of the word in rap m usic has stripped it away of its original racist meaning, but others say that the term should be forbidden. Reading the essay, it shows a lot of proof of the inconsistency between the usage and meaning behind the n-word in society. For example, rappers would use the word in their lyrics referring the term to themselves and their friends, but hateful people would use the term to yell at others or write it out as threats. The way the term is used and who decides to use it determines how people will interpret theShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Racism On Society s Perception On Culture And Race880 Words   |  4 PagesRace has always been one of the greatest issues throughout the world. How people categorize themselves based on their physical appearance, and choose which characteristics are preferable in society, really emphasizes racism. 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